Czasowniki złożone
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| come up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | (encounter: opposition, obstacle) | stawać wobec ndk. + przyim. |
| | | stanąć wobec dk. + przyim. |
| | The work is behind schedule because we came up against some unexpected problems. |
| come up against [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (compete with [sb]) | mierzyć się z kimś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zmierzyć się z kimś zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | Davies will come up against last year's champion in the semi-final of the competition. |
| demonstrate against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (protest publicly about) | demonstrować przeciwko ndk. + przyim. |
| | Protesters are demonstrating against the government. |
| guard against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (prevent) | zabezpieczać się przeciwko zwrot ndk. |
| | | zabezpieczyć się przeciwko zwrot dk. |
| | Wear a sunhat to guard against sunburn. |
| hold [sth] against [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (resent [sb] for [sth]) | mieć żal do kogoś o coś zwrot posił. |
| | They still hold my past mistakes against me. |
| hold out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (continue to resist) | opierać się czemuś/komuś zwr. ndk. |
| | | oprzeć się czemuś/komuś zwr. dk. |
| | The remote mountain village held out against the foreign armies. |
| | I'm holding out against joining Facebook. |
| kick against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (rebel against or resist) | buntować się przeciwko czemuś zwrot zwr. ndk. |
| | | zbuntować się przeciwko czemuś zwrot zwr. dk. |
| | Jesse has always had a tendency to kick against authority. |
| lash out against [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (attack verbally) (przenośny) | naskakiwać na kogoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | naskoczyć na kogoś dk. + przyim. |
| | She bottles up her anger towards her mother and then lashes out against her husband for no reason. |
| rise up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (revolt, protest) | powstawać ndk. |
| | | powstać dk. |
| | The oppressed people will rise up against their autocratic government. |
| run up against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal 3-part | (face challenge) | napotykać coś/kogoś ndk. |
| | | napotkać coś/kogoś dk. |
| | The explorers ran up against some serious problems when the weather suddenly worsened. |
| set [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep | (cause to oppose [sb] or [sth]) | nastawiać kogoś przeciwko komuś/czemuś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | nastawić kogoś przeciwko komuś/czemuś dk. + przyim. |
| | Please don't set him against me by spreading rumors that I talk about him behind his back. |
| speak out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (state one's opposition to) | otwarcie występować przeciwko |
| | | otwarcie wystąpić przeciwko |
| | Many people speak out against domestic violence. |
| stand up against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (oppose actively) | przeciwstawiać się zwr. ndk. |
| | | przeciwstawić się zwr. dk. |
| | We must stand up against racism. |
| stand up against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (withstand: wear, stress) | przeciwstawiać się zwr. ndk. |
| | | przeciwstawić się zwr. dk. |
| | Concrete construction is used in the tropics because it will stand up against hurricanes and insects. |
Formy złożone:
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| advise against [sth] vi + prep | (warn [sth] is unwise) | odradzać czegoś ndk. |
| | | odradzić czegoś dk. |
| | I'd advise against that course of action. |
| advise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (warn [sb] [sth] is unwise) | odradzać komuś coś ndk. |
| | I'd advise you against that approach, which can be costly. |
| against all odds adv | (highly improbably) | wbrew wszelkiemu prawdopodobieństwu wyr. |
| | Julie fell out of the moving train. She survived against all odds. |
against his will,
against her will adv | (in opposition to wishes) | wbrew jego woli wyr. |
| | Abby was taken to the cabin in the woods against her will. |
| against the clock adv | (under pressure of time) | wyścig z czasem wyr. |
| | It's seems as though I am always working against the clock! These deadlines are ridiculous. |
| against the law adj | (illegal) | bezprawnie, nielegalnie przys. |
| | Smoking marijuana is against the law. |
| against the law adv | (illegally) | nielegalnie przys. |
| | He was driving against the law as he had just guzzled down seven pints of beer. |
| against time adj | (under pressure of time) | w presji czasu wyr. |
| | Residents are in a race against time as flood waters begin to crest along the river. |
| against time adv | (under pressure of time) | pod presją czasu wyr. |
| | They're racing against time to find a cure for her illness. |
balance [sth] with [sth],
balance [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (offset) | równoważyć ndk. |
| | | zrównoważyć dk. |
| | Mindy balanced her long hours at work with a visit to the spa. |
| | Mindy równoważyła długie godziny spędzane w pracy wizytami w spa. |
| bear witness against [sb] v expr | (testify) | zeznawać przeciwko komuś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zeznać przeciwko komuś dk. + przyim. |
| | A wife cannot be forced to bear witness against her husband. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | (wager against [sth]) | obstawiać przeciwko czemuś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | obstawić przeciwko czemuś dk. + przyim. |
| | Oscar lost his money because he bet against the winning horse. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (assume [sth] will fail) | zakładać ndk. |
| | | przypuścić dk. |
| | I wouldn't bet against his getting the promotion. |
| bias against [sth/sb] n | (prejudice: against) | uprzedzenie do czegoś/kogoś n + przyim. |
| | The manager was fired because of his bias against women. |
| | Kierownika zwolniono z powodu jego uprzedzenia do kobiet. |
| bias [sb] against [sb/sth]⇒ vtr | (prejudice [sb] against) | uprzedzać kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot ndk. |
| | | uprzedzić kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot dk. |
| | | nastawiać negatywnie kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot ndk. |
| | | nastawić negatywnie kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot dk. |
| | The media may have biased people against voting for Taylor. |
bring [sth],
bring [sth] against [sb]⇒ vtr | (legal: put [sth] forward) | wnosić coś przeciwko komuś zwrot ndk. |
| | | wnieść coś przeciwko komuś zwrot dk. |
| | She brought a lawsuit against her employer. |
| buck against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (reject, oppose) | przeciwstawiać się czemuś zwr. ndk. |
| | | przeciwstawić się czemuś zwr. dk. |
| | Congress bucked against the president's proposal. |
| butt up against [sth] v expr | (be adjacent to) | przylegać do czegoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | The decorative moulding butts up against the door. |
| | Sztukateria przylega do drzwi. |
| campaign against [sth] vi + prep | (protest against [sth]) | prowadzić kampanię przeciwko czemuś zwrot ndk. |
| | | przeprowadzić kampanię przeciwko czemuś zwrot dk. |
| | The Abolitionists were campaigning against the slave trade. |
| caution against [sth] vi + prep | (warn against [sth]) | przestrzegać przed czymś zwrot ndk. |
| | | przestrzec przed czymś zwrot dk. |
| | The doctor cautioned against eating too many sweets. |
| compete against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (sports, competition: try to beat) | rywalizować z kimś, współzawodniczyć z kimś ndk. + przyim. |
| | Edwards will be competing against some of the best athletes in the world. |
| contend against [sb] vi + prep | formal (oppose, esp. legally) | walczyć przeciw komuś ndk. + przyim. |
| count against [sb] vi + prep | (be detrimental) | działać przeciwko ndk. + przyim. |
| | His criminal record will count against him when he starts applying for jobs. |
| crime against humanity n | often plural (atrocity) | zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkości wyr. |
| | Genocide is a crime against humanity. |
dash [sth] against [sth],
dash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep | (throw [sth] against) | roztrzaskiwać coś o coś zwrot ndk. |
| | | roztrzaskać coś o coś zwrot dk. |
| | Janet dashed the plate against the wall. |
| | Janet roztrzaskała talerz o ścianę. |
| dash against [sth] vi + prep | (strike) | roztrzaskiwać się o coś zwrot ndk. |
| | | roztrzaskać się o coś zwrot dk. |
| | Waves dashed against the shore. |
| dead against [sb/sth] adj + prep | informal (totally opposed to) | zdecydowanie przeciwny przys. + przym. |
| | I wanted to go to Art School, but my parents were dead against it. |
| decide against doing [sth] v expr | (choose not to) | postanawiać czegoś nie robić zwrot ndk. |
| | | postanowić czegoś nie robić zwrot dk. |
| | I decided against going on holiday this year, since I had just lost my job. |
| discriminate against [sb] vi + prep | (show racial prejudice) | dyskryminować kogoś ndk. |
| | It is illegal to discriminate against someone because of his or her age. |
| fight against [sth] vi + prep | (contend) | walczyć przeciwko czemuś ndk. + przyim. |
| | He fought against the new regulations. |
| find against vtr | (law: rule opposed to [sb]'s position) | twierdzić przeciwnie ndk. + przys. |
| | | stwierdzić przeciwnie dk. + przys. |
| | The jury found against the defendants, who were ordered to pay millions of dollars in damages. |
| go against vtr | (not comply with) | nie przestrzegać ndk. |
| | | nie przestrzec dk. |
| | If you go against his wishes, he will make things difficult for you. |
| go against vtr | (be in opposition to) | być przeciwko posił. + przys. |
| | To go against the mob takes courage. |
| go against the grain v expr | figurative (be unconventional) (przenośny) | iść pod prąd zwrot ndk. |
| go against the grain v expr | figurative (be uncharacteristic) | być nienaturalnym, być nietypowym posił. + przym. |
| | Your acting dishonestly certainly goes against the grain. |
| guard against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be cautious) | strzec się czegoś zwr. ndk. |
| | | ustrzec się czegoś zwr. dk. |
| | | uważać na coś ndk. + przyim. |
| | The travel agent had warned Beth to guard against pickpockets when she traveled abroad. |
| have a bias against vtr | (be prejudiced against) | być źle nastawionym do |
| | They have a bias against assertive women. |
| hold a grudge against [sb] v expr | (resent: [sb]) | mieć komuś coś za złe zwrot ndk. |
| | Peter holds a grudge against his co-worker, who received the promotion that Peter was hoping for. |
| hold it against [sb] v expr | informal (bear a grudge) | mieć o to do kogoś urazę zwrot ndk. |
| | She insulted him years ago, and he still holds it against her. |
| hold [sth] against [sb] v expr | (hold a grudge) | mieć pretensje zwrot posił. |
| | I won't hold it against you if you don't want to join me. |
immunize [sb] against [sth],
also UK: immunise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (vaccinate [sb] against [sth]) | szczepić kogoś przeciwko czemuś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zaszczepić kogoś przeciwko czemuś dk. + przyim. |
| | Children in the U.S. are all immunized against polio. |
| indemnify [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (insure: against [sth]) | ubezpieczyć coś od czegoś zwrot dk. |
| inveigh against [sth] vi + prep | formal (attack or criticize [sb] verbally) | atakować, krytykować ndk. |
| | The priest inveighed against premarital sex. |
labor against [sth] (US),
labour against [sth] (UK) vi + prep | (work to prevent) (przenośny) | walczyć z czymś ndk. + przyim. |
| | We must continue to labor against this discrimination. |
| lean against [sth] vi + prep | (for support) | opierać się o zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | oprzeć się o zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | He felt dizzy and had to lean against the wall for support. |
| lean against vtr | (prop [sth] up on [sth]) | opierać o coś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | oprzeć o coś dk. + przyim. |
| | The thief leaned his ladder against the wall of the house. |
| lean against [sth] vi + prep | (be propped against [sth]) | opierać się o coś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | oprzeć się o coś zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | The board is leaning against the wall. |
| measure [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | figurative (compare) | porównywać coś z czymś zwrot ndk. |
| | | porównać coś z czymś zwrot dk. |
| | The new president's success would always be measured against his predecessor's. |
| measure against [sth] vi + prep | (compare) | wypadać w porównaniu z czymś zwrot ndk. |
| | | wypaść w porównaniu z czymś zwrot dk. |
| | He tested his skill to see how he measures against the competition. |
| nestle against [sb/sth] vi + prep | (get cosy) | przytulać się do kogoś/czegoś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | przytulić się do kogoś/czegoś zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | The baby bird nestled against his mother. |
| nestle [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (body part: press closely) | tulić coś do kogoś/czegoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | przytulić coś do kogoś/czegoś dk. + przyim. |
| | Ben nestled his chin against his girlfriend's shoulder. |
| offend against [sth] vi + prep | (rule, law: break) | naruszać coś ndk. |
| | | naruszyć coś dk. |
| offset [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (counterbalance [sth] with [sth]) | odliczać ndk. |
| | | odliczyć dk. |
| | | potrącać ndk. |
| | | potrącić dk. |
| | You can offset any loss you make in a year against your profits. |
| pit [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (set to compete or fight) | wystawiać do pojedynku zwrot ndk. |
| | | wystawić do pojedynku zwrot dk. |
| | This match pits the titleholder against a complete unknown. |
| pitted against [sb] adj + prep | (in competition with) | wystawiony przeciwko komuś wyr. |
| | | wystawiony do walki z kimś wyr. |
| play against vtr | (have as an opponent) | grać przeciwko ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zagrać przeciwko dk. + przyim. |
| | Every time I play against Tom, he beats me in every game. |
| prejudice against [sb/sth] n | (bias: hostility) | uprzedzenie do kogoś/czegoś n + przyim. |
| | We should distinguish between prejudice against people and active discrimination. |
| prejudice [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (make hostile to) | uprzedzać kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot ndk. |
| | | uprzedzić kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot dk. |
| | | zrażać kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot ndk. |
| | | zrazić kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot dk. |
| | The influence of the extreme right wing has prejudiced the party's more moderate elements against ethnic minorities. |
| prejudice [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (bias against) | uprzedzać kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot ndk. |
| | | uprzedzić kogoś do kogoś/czegoś zwrot dk. |
| | The negative reports have prejudiced public opinion against the actor. |
| press charges against [sb] v expr | (accuse [sb] formally) | wnosić oskarżenie przeciwko komuś zwrot ndk. |
| | | wnieść oskarżenie przeciwko komuś zwrot dk. |
| | The mining company pressed charges against the strikers. |
| proof against [sth] adj + prep | (protected) | odporny na coś wyr. |
| | It seems that nothing on the internet is proof against determined hackers. |
| provide against vtr | (guarantee or insure against) | zabezpieczać się przed ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zabezpieczyć się przed dk. + przyim. |
| | We keep a cellar full of canned food to provide against shortages. |
| race against time n | (urgent task) | wyścig z czasem wyr. |
| | We're in a race against time: the deadline's close of business today! |
| rage against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be angry about) (potoczny) | wściekać się na zwrot ndk. |
| | | wściec się na zwrot dk. |
| | The villagers raged against the proposed new housing development. |
rail,
rail (against) vi | (criticise harshly) | szydzić ndk. |
| react against [sth] vi + prep | (respond negatively to [sth]) | buntować się przeciwko czemuś zwrot zwr. ndk. |
| | | zbuntować się przeciwko czemuś zwrot zwr. dk. |
| | Martha reacted against her parents' strict morals by becoming a rebel. |
redeem [sth] for [sth],
redeem [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (coupon: exchange for) | wymieniać coś na coś zwrot ndk. |
| | | wymienić coś na coś zwrot dk. |
| | Roberta redeemed a voucher for a bottle of wine at the supermarket. |
| revolt against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (rebel, protest) | buntować się przeciwko czemuś/komuś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zbuntować się przeciwko czemuś/komuś zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | The students revolted against the school's new dress code. |
set [sth] in [sth],
set [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | often passive (locate, place: story) | osadzać coś w czymś, umieszczać coś w czymś zwrot ndk. |
| | | osadzić coś w czymś, umieścić coś w czymś zwrot dk. |
| | | rozgrywać się zwr. ndk. |
| | Helena set her story against the backdrop of the Second World War. The novel is set in 19th-century Paris. |
| | Akcja powieści rozgrywa się w XIX-wiecznym Paryżu. |
| set against vtr | (contrast with) | kontrastować z ndk. + przyim. |
| | | skontrastować z dk. + przyim. |
| | This amount of money looks very small if you set it against what we spend each year on marketing. |
| slap against [sth] vi + prep | (hit with slapping noise) | uderzać o coś z chlupotem zwrot ndk. |
| | The waves were slapping against the rocks. |
slap [sth] on [sth],
slap [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (bring down sharply) | uderzać czymś o coś zwrot ndk. |
| | | uderzyć czymś o coś zwrot dk. |
| | The teacher slapped the book against the desk to get the class's attention. |
| stack [sth] against [sb] vtr + prep | figurative, often passive (weight [sth] unfairly) | przemawiać na niekorzyść zwrot ndk. |
| | He realised sadly that the odds were stacked against him. |
| strain against [sth] vi + prep | (pull with force) | naprężać ndk. |
| | | naprężyć dk. |
| | The animal strained against the rope. |
| struggle against vtr | (try to combat) | zmagać się z ndk. + przyim. |
| stumble against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (bump into because of trip) | przewrócić się na coś zwrot dk. |
| | Ian lost his footing on the loose gravel and stumbled against the wall. |
take a stand against [sth/sb],
make a stand against [sth/sb] v expr | (maintain opinion against opposition) | zajmować stanowisko przeciw czemuś/komuś zwrot ndk. |
| | | zająć stanowisko przeciw czemuś/komuś zwrot dk. |
| | Are you going to take a stand against the government's crackdown on the press? |
| testify against [sb] vi + prep | (give evidence that incriminates) | zeznawać przeciwko komuś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zeznać przeciwko komuś dk. + przyim. |
| | Even though she knew her husband was guilty, she was unwilling to testify against him in the trial. |
| turn against vtr | (become hostile to) | obracać się przeciwko |
| | | obrócić się przeciwko |
| | The dog inexplicably turned against his owner and had to be put down. |
| turn [sb] against [sb] vtr + prep | (prejudice [sb] against [sb]) | zniechęcać kogoś do kogoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zniechęcić kogoś do kogoś dk. + przyim. |
| | The family turned her against me. |
| unite against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (join forces to oppose) | jednoczyć się przeciwko zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zjednoczyć się przeciwko zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | All people should unite against the injustices of their government. |
| up against prep | (in competition with) | przeciw, przeciwko przys. |
| | Tomorrow you'll be up against the toughest team in the league. |
| up against prep | (difficulty: confronted by) | ścierać się z czymś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | We're up against some serious problems, but I think we can finish the job anyway. |
| vaccinate [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (inoculate against disease) | szczepić ndk. |
| | | zaszczepić dk. |
| | Parents need to vaccinate their children against the measles. |
| vote against vtr | (register one's opposition to) | głosować przeciwko |
| | | zagłosować przeciwko |
| | I'm so angry at that politician that I will definitely vote against her at the next election. |
| warn [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (caution) | przestrzegać ndk. |
| | | przestrzec dk. |
| | He warned his son against that kind of behaviour. |
| | Przestrzegał swojego syna przed takim zachowaniem. |